Wednesday, October 10, 2007

Boikotte Burma?

Noe av det mer interessante under dagens forestilling har vært spørsmålet om boikott av Burma.

Intuitivt tenker man at boikott er det eneste riktige. Tanken på at vi gjennom økonomiske transaksjoner skal være med på å holde liv i militærregimet er uutholdelig.

Mange her hjemme har da også tatt til orde for dette. Men er det egentlig så enkelt?

Se tilbake på Irak og hvor feilslått den langvarige FN-boikotten av landet var. Se på Sudan hvor en ensidig boikott fra enkelte vestlige land ikke har gjort annet enn å bane veien for kinesiske selskaper som glatt ser bort fra de grove forbrytelsene mot menneskeheten som foregår i landet. Dermed er alt man har gjort å styrke Kinas rolle. Neppe hva man ønsket og neppe noe framskritt for menneskerettighetssituasjonen i regionen.

Og boikott vil si å stenge ute, å nekte å samarbeide med. Dermed vil det også si det motsatte av samarbeid, det motsatte av dialog. Og hvor er da redskapene vi trenger for å kunne skape endring?

Hovedproblemene med de ovennevnte boikottene er at de ikke har vært gjennomført av et samlet verdenssamfunn. Og som vi kan se av eksempelet Irak er FN dessverre ikke noen garanti for enhetlig opptreden.

Men det betyr ikke at man skal gi opp! Et godt eksempel på det er Apartheidregimet i Sør Afrika. En av de viktigste faktorene til at det knakk sammen var en effektiv boikott. Et annet eksempel er hvordan man fikk presset Kina til å foreta seg noe overfor Sudan – det resulterte i at man endelig fikk klarsignal for en FN-styrke som faktisk kan utgjøre en forskjell for menneskene i regionen.

Disse viser oss hvor viktig det er å få med de nye stormaktene i Asia når vi ønsker å få til noe for mennesker som lider. Vi er nødt til å få et sterkere fokus på land som India, Kina og Russland, vi er nødt til å få et tettere partnerskap med disse. Tiden da USA alene kunne utgjøre forskjellen er i stor grad forbi selv om landet beholder sin posisjon som verdens eneste supermakt – enn så lenge.

Men selv om vi kan se at boikotter ikke nødvendigvis virker etter hensikten gjør ikke det at vi skal la være å tenke selv. Det er en forskjell på å trekke StatoilHydro ut av land med tvilsomme rulleblad på menneskerettigheter og på det å la være å kjøpe varer mer eller mindre direkte fra kriminelle regimer.

Et vestlig selskap som er lydhøre for tanken om at menneskerettigheter skal tillegges vekt utgjør et positivt potensiale i landene det opererer i. Å kjøpe varer fra kriminelle er noe helt annet.

Derfor er argumentasjonen fra norske selskaper som gjør det siste pinlig. ”Denne vurderingen kan ikke vi gjøre, den må staten gjøre” sier Knut Heiberg-Andersen, direktør i Windy som bruker burmesisk teak. Staten har gjort vurderingen og bedt norske selskaper om ikke å handle med burmesisk teak. Så Heiberg-Andersen tar feil på det punktet.

Dessuten bryter han de forpliktelsene han har som menneske, de samme forpliktelsene nazi-forbrytere ble dømt for ikke å ha overholdt under 2. verdenskrig. ”Vi fulgte bare ordre” sa de. ”Som mennesker hadde dere plikt til å vite bedre” sa domstolene og dømte dem.

På samme måte kan man dømme Knut Heiberg-Andersen og hans medsammensvorne: De er dårlige mennesker og en del av forklaringen på hvorfor mennesker dør og mishandles i Burma.

16 comments:

Finn Myrstad said...

Bra skrevet! men kanskje aa dra det litt langt at mennesker er daarlige bare fordi de er dumme?

Fra spoek til revolver. Det burde veare soleklart for et hvert norsk selskap med et snev av moral og integritet at man naa stoppet handel med regimet i Burma.

Det eneste en maa veare obs paa er hvilke konsekvenser slike boikotter vil faa for lokalbefolkningen som allerede lider. Dersom en slik boikott vil ramme dem hardest, boer man tenke seg om. Boikottene av Irak i sin tid var vel ikke akkurat effektive med aa fjerne Saddam fra makten.

Er helt enig med deg at for aa loese dette, maa man faa med seg de andre stormaktene i regionen som Kina og India. Et samlet EU vil ogsaa kunne spille en viss rolle.

En resolusjon i FNs sikkerhetsraad vil ogsaa hjelpe i forhold til sanksjoner.

T.A said...

Vel, det er å gå for langt å kalle dumme mennesker for dårlige mennesker.

Men disse menneskene er ikke dumme, de vet hva de gjør, de er grådige og de mener de ikke har noe ansvar. Det gjør dem til dårlige mennesker.

Ta en titt på argumentene deres i linken i det opprinnelige innlegget. Det er til å spy av..

haavar said...

Nå er det en halvtime til fredsprisen deles ut. Skulle gjerne sett at den gikk til en samlet burmesisk opposisjon, evt. til modige buddhistiske munker.

Og rett nok er jeg fattig student, og da er det lett å være solidarisk, men importen av burmesisk teak gjør meg virkelig kvalm. Ufattelig at folk kan ønske å tjene penger på den måten, og ufattelig at folk kjøper slike produkter.

fabelfisk said...

Ja, det er direkte smakløst. Og det er også utrolig ille at verdenssamfunnet ikke klarer å påvirke det kinesiske diktaturet.

Samtidig så ser man jo i Kina at mennesker faktisk har blitt løftet ut av fattigdom på grunn av internasjonal handel. Og for å være litt platt og flåsete så er det kanskje bedre å være mett og undertrykket enn sulten og undertrykket.

Men i Burma er det vel ikke mange smuler av den internasjonale handelen som drysser ned til folket.

Det er vanskelig å vurdere hva som er riktig. Men det er viktig å huske på at selv om noen i demokratibevegelsen i Burma ønsker boikott, er det ikke sikkert det er det eneste riktige svaret.

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